The Testament of Reuben the First born Son of Jacob and Leah
Chapter 1
The copy of the Testament of Reuben, even the commands which he gave his sons before he died in the hundred and twenty-fifth year of his life.
Two years after the death of Joseph his brother, when Reuben fell ill, his sons and his sons’ sons were gathered together to visit him.
And he said to them: My children, behold I am dying, and go the way of my fathers.
And seeing there Judah, and Gad, and Asher, his brethren, he said to them: Raise me up, that I may tell to my brethren and to my children what things I have hidden in my heart, for behold now at length I am passing away.
And he arose and kissed them, and said unto them: Hear, my brethren, and do ye, my children, give ear to Reuben your father in the commands which I give unto you.
And behold I call to witness against you this day the God of heaven, that ye walk not in the sins of youth and fornication, wherein I was poured out, and defiled the bed of my father Jacob.
And I tell you that he smote me with a sore plague in my loins for seven months; and had not my father Jacob prayed for me to the Lord, the Lord would have destroyed me.
For I was thirty years old when I wrought the evil thing before the Lord, and for seven months I was sick unto death.
And after this I repented with set purpose of my soul for seven years before the Lord. And wine and strong drink I drank not, and flesh entered not into my mouth, and I eat no pleasant food; but I mourned over my sin, for it was great, such as had not been in Israel.
Chapter 2
And now hear me, my children, what things I saw concerning the seven spirits of deceit, when I repented.
Seven spirits therefore are appointed against man, and they are the leaders in the works of youth.
[And seven other spirits are given to him at his creation, that through them should be done every work of man.
The first is the spirit of life, with which the constitution (of man) is created. The second is the sense of sight, with which ariseth desire.
The third is the sense of hearing, with which cometh teaching. The fourth is the sense of smell, with which tastes are given to draw air and breath.
The fifth is the power of speech, with which cometh knowledge.
The sixth is the sense of taste, with which cometh the eating of meats and drinks; and by it strength is produced, for in food is the foundation of strength.
The seventh is the power of procreation and sexual intercourse, with which through love of pleasure sins enter in.
Wherefore it is the last in order of creation, and the first in that of youth, because it is filled with ignorance, and leadeth the youth as a blind man to a pit, and as a beast to a precipice.
Chapter 3
Besides all these there is an eighth spirit of sleep, with which is brought about the trance of nature and the image of death.
With these spirits are mingled the spirits of error.
[First, the spirit of fornication is seated in the nature and in the senses; the second, the spirit of insatiableness, in the belly; the third, the spirit of fighting, in the liver and gall.
The fourth is the spirit of obsequiousness and chicanery, that through officious attention one may be fair in seeming.
The fifth is the spirit of pride, that one may be boastful and arrogant. The sixth is the spirit of lying, in perdition and jealousy to practise deceits, and concealments from kindred and friends.
The seventh is the spirit of injustice, with which are thefts and acts of rapacity, that a man may fulfill the desire of his heart; for injustice worketh together with the other spirits by the taking of gifts.
And with all these the spirit of sleep is joined which is (that) of error and fantasy.]
And so perisheth every young man, darkening his mind from the truth, and not understanding the law of God, nor obeying the admonitions of his fathers as befell me also in my youth.
And now, my children, love the truth, and it will preserve you: hear ye the words of Reuben your father.
Pay no heed to the face of a woman, Nor associate with another man’s wife, Nor meddle with affairs of womankind.
For had I not seen Bilhah bathing in a covered place, I had not fallen into this great iniquity.
For my mind taking in the thought of the woman’s nakedness, suffered me not to sleep until I had wrought the abominable thing.
For while Jacob our father had gone to Isaac his father, when we were in Eder, near to Ephrath in Bethlehem, Bilhah became drunk and was asleep uncovered in her chamber.
Having therefore gone in and beheld nakedness, I wrought the impiety without her perceiving it, and leaving her sleeping I departed.
And forthwith an angel of God revealed to my father concerning my impiety, and he came and mourned over me, and touched her no more.
Chapter 4
Pay no heed, therefore, my children, to the beauty of women, nor set your mind on their affairs; but walk in singleness of heart in the fear of the Lord, and expend labour on good works, and on study and on your flocks, until the Lord give you a wife, whom He will, that ye suffer not as I did.
For until my father’s death I had not boldness to look in his face, or to speak to any of my brethren, because of the reproach.
Even until now my conscience causeth me anguish on account of my impiety.
And yet my father comforted me much and prayed for me unto the Lord, that the anger of the Lord might pass from me, even as the Lord showed. And thenceforth until now I have been on my guard and sinned not.
Therefore, my children, I say unto you, observe all things whatsoever I command you, and ye shall not sin.
For a pit unto the soul is the sin of fornication, separating it from God, and bringing it near to idols, because it deceiveth the mind and understanding, and leadeth young men into hades before their time.
For many hath fornication destroyed; because, though a man be old or noble, or rich or poor, he bringeth reproach upon himself with the sons of men and derision with Beliar.
For ye heard regarding Joseph how he guarded himself from a woman, and purged his thoughts from all fornication, and found favour in the sight of God and men.
For the Egyptian woman did many things unto him, and summoned magicians, and offered him love potions, but the purpose of his soul admitted no evil desire….
Therefore the God of your fathers delivered him from every evil (and) hidden death.
For if fornication overcomes not your mind, neither can Beliar overcome you.
Chapter 5
For evil are women, my children; and since they have no power or strength over man, they use wiles by outward attractions, that they may draw him to themselves.
And whom they cannot bewitch by outward attractions, him they overcome by craft.
For moreover, concerning them, the angel of the Lord told me, and taught me, that women are overcome by the spirit of fornication more than men, and in their heart they plot against men; and by means of their adornment they deceive first their minds, and by the glance of the eye instill the poison, and then through the accomplished act they take them captive.
For a woman cannot force a man openly, but by a harlot’s bearing she beguiles him. Flee, therefore, fornication,
my children, and command your wives and your daughters, that they adorn not their heads and faces to deceive the mind: because every woman who useth these wiles hath been reserved for eternal punishment.
For thus they allured the Watchers who were before the flood; for as these continually beheld them, they lusted after them, and they conceived the act in their mind; for they changed themselves into the shape of men, and appeared to them when they were with their husbands.
And the women lusting in their minds after their forms, gave birth to giants, for the Watchers appeared to them as reaching even unto heaven.
Chapter 6
Beware, therefore, of fornication; and if you wish to be pure in mind, guard your senses from every woman.
And command the women likewise not to associate with men, that they also may be pure in mind.
For constant meetings, even though the ungodly deed be not wrought, are to them an irremediable disease, and to us a destruction of Beliar and an eternal reproach.
For in fornication there is neither understanding nor godliness, and all jealousy dwelleth in the lust thereof.
Therefore, then I say unto you, ye will be jealous against the sons of Levi, and will seek to be exalted over them; but ye shall not be able.
For God will avenge them, and ye shall die by an evil death.
For to Levi God gave the sovereignty [and to Judah with him and to me also, and to Dan and Joseph, that we should be for rulers].
Therefore I command you to hearken to Levi, because he shall know the law of the Lord, and shall give ordinances for judgement and shall sacrifice for all Israel until the consummation of the times, as the anointed High Priest, of whom the Lord spake,
I adjure you by the God of heaven to do truth each one unto his neighbour and to entertain love each one for his brother.
And draw ye near to Levi in humbleness of heart, that ye may receive a blessing from his mouth.
For he shall bless Israel and Judah, because him hath the Lord chosen to be king over all the nation.
And bow down before his seed, for on our behalf it will die in wars visible and invisible, and will be among you an eternal king.
Chapter 7
And Reuben died, having given these commands to his sons.
And they placed him in a coffin until they carried him up from Egypt, and buried him in Hebron in the cave where his father was.
The Testament of Simeon the Second of Jacob and Leah
Chapter 1
The copy of the words of Simeon, the things which he spake to his sons before he died, in the hundred and twentieth year of his life, at which time Joseph, his brother, died.
For when Simeon was sick, his sons came to visit him, and he strengthened himself and sat up and kissed them, and said:–
Chapter 2
Hearken, my children, to Simeon your father, And I will declare unto you what things I have in my heart.
I was born of Jacob as my father’s second son; And my mother Leah called me Simeon, Because the Lord had heard her prayer.
Moreover, I became strong exceedingly; I shrank from no achievement, Nor was I afraid of ought.
For my heart was hard, And my liver was immovable, And my bowels without compassion.
Because valour also has been given from the Most High to men in soul and body.
For in the time of my youth I was jealous in many things of Joseph, because my father loved him beyond all.
And I set my mind against him to destroy him, because the prince of deceit sent forth the spirit of jealousy and blinded my mind, so that I regarded him not as a brother, nor did I spare even Jacob my father.
But his God and the God of his fathers sent forth His angel, and delivered him out of my hands.
For when I went to Shechem to bring ointment for the flocks, and Reuben to Dothan, where were our necessaries and all our stores, Judah my brother sold him to the Ishmaelites.
And when Reuben heard these things he was grieved, for he wished to restore him to his father.
But on hearing this I was exceedingly wroth against Judah in that he let him go away alive, and for five months I continued wrathful against him.
But the Lord restrained me, and withheld from me the power of my hands; for my right hand was half withered for seven days.
And I knew, my children, that because of Joseph this had befallen me, and I repented and wept; and I besought the Lord God that my hand might be restored, and that I might hold aloof from all pollution and envy and from all folly.
For I knew that I had devised an evil thing before the Lord and Jacob my father, on account of Joseph my brother, in that I envied him.
Chapter 3
And now, my children, hearken unto me and beware of the spirit of deceit and envy.
For envy ruleth over the whole mind of a man, and suffereth him neither to eat nor to drink, nor to do any good thing.
But it ever suggesteth (to him) to destroy him that he envieth;
and so long as he that is envied flourisheth, he that envieth fadeth away.
Two years therefore I afflicted my soul with fasting in the fear of the Lord, and I learnt that deliverance from envy cometh by the fear of God.
For if a man flee to the Lord, the evil spirit runneth away from him, and his mind is lightened.
And henceforward he sympathiseth with him whom he envied and forgiveth those who are hostile to him, and so ceaseth from his envy.
Chapter 4
And my father asked Concerning me, because he saw that I was sad; and I said unto him, I am pained in my liver.
For I mourned more than they all, because I was guilty of the selling of Joseph.
And when we went down into Egypt, and he bound me as a spy, I knew that I was suffering justly, and I grieved not.
Now Joseph was a good man, and had the Spirit of God within him: being compassionate and pitiful, he bore no malice against me; but loved me even as the rest of his brethren.
Beware, therefore, my children, of all jealousy and envy, and walk in singleness of soul and with good heart, keeping in mind Joseph your father’s brother, that God may give you also grace and glory, and blessing upon your heads, even as ye saw in Joseph’s case.
All his days he reproached us not concerning this thing, but loved us as his own soul, and beyond his own sons glorified us, and gave us riches, and cattle and fruits.
Do ye also, my children, love each one his brother with a good heart and the spirit of envy will withdraw from you.
For this maketh savage the soul and destroyeth the body; it causeth anger and war in the mind, and stirreth up unto deeds of blood, and leadeth the mind into frenzy, and suffereth not prudence to act in men; moreover, it taketh away sleep, [and causeth tumult to the soul and trembling to the body].
For even in sleep some malicious jealousy, deluding him, gnaweth and with wicked spirits disturbeth his soul, and causeth the body to be troubled, and waketh the mind from sleep in confusion; and as a wicked and poisonous spirit, so appeareth it to men.
Chapter 5
Therefore was Joseph comely in appearance and goodly to look upon, because no wickedness dwelt in him;
for some of the trouble of the spirit the face manifesteth. And now, my children, Make your hearts good before the Lord, And your ways straight before men.
And ye shall find grace before the Lord and men. Beware, therefore, of fornication, For fornication is mother of all evils, Separating from God, and bringing near to Beliar.
For I have seen it inscribed in the writing of Enoch that your sons shall be corrupted in fornication, and shall do harm to the sons of Levi with the sword.
But they shall not be able to withstand Levi; for he shall wage the war of the Lord, and shall conquer all your hosts.
And they shall be few in number, divided in Levi and Judah, and there shall be none of you for sovereignty, even as also our father prophesied in his blessings.
Chapter 6
Behold I have told you all things, that I may be acquitted of your sin.
Now, if ye remove from you your envy and all stiff-neckedness, As a rose shall my bones flourish in Israel, And as a lily my flesh in Jacob, And my odour shall be as the odour of Libanus; And as cedars shall holy ones be multiplied from me forever, And their branches shall stretch afar off.
Then shall perish the seed of Canaan, And a remnant shall not be unto Amalek, And all the Cappadocians shall perish,
And all the Hittites shall be utterly destroyed. Then shall fail the land of Ham, And all the people shall perish. Then shall all the earth rest from trouble, And all the world under heaven from war.
Then the Mighty One of Israel shall glorify Shem, For the Lord God shall appear on earth,
And Himself save men. Then shall all the spirits of deceit be given to be trodden under foot, And men shall rule over wicked spirits.
Then shall I arise in joy, And will bless the Most High because of his marvellous works.
Chapter 7
And now, my children, obey Levi and Judah, and be not lifted up against these two tribes, for from them shall arise unto you the salvation of God.
For the Lord shall raise up from Levi as it were a High-priest, and from Judah as it were a King, He shall save all [the Gentiles and] the race of Israel.
Therefore I give you these commands that ye also may command your children that they may observe them throughout their generations.
Chapter 8
And when Simeon had made an end of commanding his sons, he slept with his fathers, being an hundred and twenty years old.
And they laid him in a wooden coffin, to take up his bones to Hebron.
And they took them up secretly during a war of the Egyptians.
For the bones of Joseph the Egyptians guarded in the tombs of the kings. For the sorcerers told them; that on the departure of the bones of Joseph there should be throughout all the land darkness and gloom, and an exceeding great plague to the Egyptians, so that even with a lamp a man should not recognize his brother.
Chapter 9
And the sons of Simeon bewailed their father. And they were in Egypt until the day of their departure by the hand of Moses.